中性カテゴリーの位置効果に関する研究

織田 揮準

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.45.300

A STUDY ON THE INTRA-SCALE POSITION EFFECTS OF THE NEUTRAL CATEGORY

KIJUN ODA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 300-312

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.45.300

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Published: February 10, 1975 Received: July 05, 1974 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : This study was to investigate the intra-scale position effects of the neutral category for judgments of length. Forty one kinds of five-category scales (basic scales) with the neutral category at category i (i=1, 2, ……, 5) were created with fifteen category words and clustered into the five groups (cluscale; clustered scale, CS_i, i=1, 2, ……, 5) according to the intra-scale position (category i) of the neutral category. Two kinds of twenty eight slides (one was for comparative judgment and the other was for absolute judgment) which projected the fourteen lengths of horizontal lines were prepared and Ss (students) made their judgments of the length of the horizontal lines by a five-category scale (41 kinds in total).
The main hypotheses of this study were as follows:
(1) Mean value of length judged with the neutral category varies significantly by shifting the intra-scale position (category i) of the neutral category.
(2) A linear relation exists between the intra-scale position (category i, i=1, 2, ……, 5) of the neutral category and its mean value M_ii. The theoretical relation (t_(i)) is written as follows: t(i)=a+b_i.
(3) In the clustered scale CS_i in which the neutral category is at its category i (i=1, 2, ……, 5), a linear relation exists between the intra-scale position (category j, j=1, 2, ……, 5) of the category and its mean value M_ij, and the relation is shown by a connected regression equation of two linear approximation equations.
Our experimental results agreed fairly well with the hypotheses. The main findings of this study were as follows:
(1) The mean value M_ii judged with the neutral category depended strongly on its intra-scale position. This finding showed that the intra-scale position of the neutral category was one of the most important factors to affect human decision-making processes.
(2) The linear relation was observed between the intra-scale position (category i) of the neutral category and its mean value M_ii, but the mean value M₃₃ in which the neutral catergory was at the center of the scale differed from the adaptation level calculated through Helson's formula.
(3) In absolute judgment, the range (_maxM_ii-_minM_ii) was wider than that in comparative judgment. This result showed that the mean value M_ii judged with the neutral category i in absolute judgment shifted more easily than M_ii in comparative judgment.
(4) In the clustered scale CS_i (i=1, 2, ……, 5), the linear relation was observed between category j (j=1, 2, ……, 5) and its mean value M_ij.
Right : This study was to investigate the intra-scale position effects of the neutral category for judgments of length. 41 kinds of five-category scales (basic scales) were created and clustered into 5 groups according to the intra-scale position of the neutral category. S made their judgments of the 14 lengths of horizontal lines by a five-category scale (41 kinds in total). The most important finding of this study was that the mean value of stimulus length judged by the neutral category varied significantly by shifting the intra-scale position of the neutral category. This result suggested that the intra-scale position of the neutral category was one of the most important factors to affect human decision-making process.

Abstract

This study was to investigate the intra-scale position effects of the neutral category for judgments of length. 41 kinds of five-category scales (basic scales) were created and clustered into 5 groups according to the intra-scale position of the neutral category. S made their judgments of the 14 lengths of horizontal lines by a five-category scale (41 kinds in total). The most important finding of this study was that the mean value of stimulus length judged by the neutral category varied significantly by shifting the intra-scale position of the neutral category. This result suggested that the intra-scale position of the neutral category was one of the most important factors to affect human decision-making process.

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