次元偏好性と過剰訓練が幼児の選択移行学習におよぼす効果

川島 恵子

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.46.29

EFFECTS OF DIMENSIONAL PREFERENCE AND OVERTRAINING UPON OPTIONAL SHIFT LEARNING IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

KEIKO KAWASHIMA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 29-38

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.46.29

[Correction] The Japanese Journal of Psychology Vol.46 No.2 (1975) pp.120c-120c

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Published: May 30, 1975 Received: September 13, 1974 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of dimensional preference and overtraining in original discrimination (OL) upon the optional shift learning (OSL) of young children from the viewpoint of observing response theory.
In Exp. I, 128 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years were given a matching test to measure their preference for color or form. They were divided into dominant condition (D) in which the preferred dimension corresponded with the relevant one and nondominant condition (ND) in which the preferred and the relevant dimensions differed. The Ss in each condition were then divided into two groups differing in the amout of training: the one was trained to the criterion and the other was given 10 additional trials after reaching the criterion. They were then given OSL task consisting of color and form dimensions with two stimulus values each.
The main findings were as follows: (1) under Condition D, OL was learned faster and intradimensional shift (ID) occurred more frequently. (2) Under Condition ND, OL was learned more slowly and ID occurred as frequently as extradimensional shift (ED). (3) Whereas no overtarining effect was found under Condition D due to the ceiling effect, the rate of ED decreased and that of ID increased with overtraining under Condition ND. These findings almost coincide with the predictions from the observing response theory. The second finding above may be interpreted as follows: Among the Ss under Condition ND, the Ss with stronger preference performed ED and the Ss with weaker preference performed ID. This interpretation suggests that the strength of dimensional preference also affects OSL.
Exp. II was conducted to examine the effects of strength of dimensional preference upon OSL of younger children. 68 preschoolers aged 3 to 4 years were given another preference test consisting of a kind of training and extinction procedure to measure their preference and its strength for color or form. They were then assigned to one of the four experimental groups (D-S, D-W, ND-W and ND-S) and were given OSL task. The stimuli used in OSL in Exp. II consisted of color and form dimensions with two values each, but they slightly differed from those used in Exp. I.
The main findings were as follows: (1) OL was positively related to preference, and it was affected by the strength of preference. (2) Under Condition D, ID occurred more frequently in both Croup D-S and group D-W. (3) Under Condition ND, ED occurred more frequently in Croup ND-S, and there was no difference between the rates of ID and ED in Croup ND-W. Therefore the differential effects of preference strength upon ID and ED were obtained only under Condition ND.
Right : In Exp. I, 64 preschoolers were trained with their preferred stimulus dimension in the original discrimination (OL) of optional shift learning (OSL) (Condition D), and another 64 were trained with their nonpreferred one (Condition ND). The Ss in each condition were divided into 2 groups, differing in the amount of training. Under D, OL was learned faster and intradimensional shift (ID) occurred more frequently. Under ND, OL was learned more slowly and ID occurred as frequently as extradimen-sional shift (ED). Under ND, ED decreased but ID increased with overtraining. These findings almost coincided with the predictions from the observing response theory. In Exp. II, the degrees of preference strength of 68 preschoolers were measured, and they were trained in OSL. The effect of strength in dimensional preference upon OSL was found under ND.

Abstract

In Exp. I, 64 preschoolers were trained with their preferred stimulus dimension in the original discrimination (OL) of optional shift learning (OSL) (Condition D), and another 64 were trained with their nonpreferred one (Condition ND). The Ss in each condition were divided into 2 groups, differing in the amount of training. Under D, OL was learned faster and intradimensional shift (ID) occurred more frequently. Under ND, OL was learned more slowly and ID occurred as frequently as extradimen-sional shift (ED). Under ND, ED decreased but ID increased with overtraining. These findings almost coincided with the predictions from the observing response theory. In Exp. II, the degrees of preference strength of 68 preschoolers were measured, and they were trained in OSL. The effect of strength in dimensional preference upon OSL was found under ND.

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