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doi:10.4992/jjpsy.46.316

SELECTION AS ONE CONTROL PROCESS IN MEMORY STABILIZATION

ISAO WATANABE

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1976 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 316-323

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.46.316

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Published: March 31, 1976 Received: June 12, 1975 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : This research concerns the role of selection as one control process in transforming the item information from PM (primary memory) to SM (secondary memory). By means of the free recall method, the U-shaped recall-curve of which is generally considered to represent the outputs from both SM and PM, a memory experiment was performed under three conditions as follows. The directions as to whether the word should be remembered or not was given in: Pre cond. -immediately before every word was presented; Post cond. -immediately after every word was presented; Delay cond. -immediately after severy next word was presented. Besides Control cond. containing only 8 to-be-remembered items was prepared. Each word was presented auditorily every 2sec. A list consisted of 8 to-be-remembered items with 13 not-to-be-remembered items.
The results were as follows:
1. The percentage of correct recall, which is considered an indication of efficiency of selection, became worse in the order: Control, Pre, Post, and Delay conds.
2. When the percentage of correct recall was checked in the three sections of the serial position separately, it became worse in the order: Control, Pre, Post, and Delay conds. in the rear section, which is considered the output from PM, but the difference between Post and Delay conds. in this section was not remarkable. It was worse in Delay cond. than in the other three conds. in the frontal section, which is considered the output from SM.
3. The number of Intrusion-errors, which is considered an indication of failure of the exclusion of the not-to-be-remembered items, was greater in Delay cond. than in Pre and Post conds.
4. As for the number of Intrusion-errors as distributed in the three sections of the serial position, there was not any significant difference between Pre, Post and Delay conds. in the rear section. In the frontal and middle sections, it was significantly greater in Delay cond. than in Pre and Post conds., but it approached zero in both Pre and Post conds.
In view of the results described above, it was concluded that the selective process, as one of controls for transforming the item information presented binaurally into a stable memory, is performed in the following two steps. The first step: The extraction of to-be-remembered items takes place before PM. Here also persist not-to-be-remembered items without being excluded. The second step: The exclusion of not-to-be-remembered items takes place after PM. To be more correct, this exclusion process advances in the process of transforming to-be-remembered items into SM.
If the transformation of the item information into SM constituted the stabilization of memory, it can be said in the other words that the extraction of to-be-remembered items can take place at the transient and unstable PM stage, but that the selection is not completed here. By performing the exclusion in addition to the extraction, thus stabilizing the memory, the complete selection can take place.
Right : A free recall experiment was performed under 3 selective conditions to investigate the role of the selective process, as a control in the transforming of the item information from PM to SM. In Pre condition, where the selection is possible before PM, the percentage of correct recall was higher than the other selective conditions. Even in this condition there were some Instrusion-errors in the rear selection of serial position, but there were almost none in the frontal section. The results indicate that the selective process takes place in 2 stages. First the extraction of to-be-remembered items can take place effectively before PM. Secondly the exclusion of not-to-be-remembered items takes place after PM, transforming the to-be-remembered items into SM, or stabilizing the memory.

Abstract

A free recall experiment was performed under 3 selective conditions to investigate the role of the selective process, as a control in the transforming of the item information from PM to SM. In Pre condition, where the selection is possible before PM, the percentage of correct recall was higher than the other selective conditions. Even in this condition there were some Instrusion-errors in the rear selection of serial position, but there were almost none in the frontal section. The results indicate that the selective process takes place in 2 stages. First the extraction of to-be-remembered items can take place effectively before PM. Secondly the exclusion of not-to-be-remembered items takes place after PM, transforming the to-be-remembered items into SM, or stabilizing the memory.

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