自由記述に現われた対人認知の発達的研究 (1)

村山 久美子

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.48.1

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSON PERCEPTION IN FREE DESCRIPTION (1)

KUMIKO MURAYAMA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1977 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-6

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.48.1

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Published: May 20, 1977 Received: December 09, 1975 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the developmental processes of children and of early adolescents in the person perceptions as found in their free descriptions about persons.
Total of 278 subjects were divided into eight grade groups (Table 1). They were instructed to describe freely about three persons, those they like, dislike and self. Four phases of content analysis were employed in order to examine the changes in the descriptions, and the results were as follows: (1) Increase of constructs in their descriptions were proved by the increased frequency of statements, (2) increase of abstract judgement with the insights and the increase of expression concerning the psychological characteristics were noticed by showing a higher frequency and a higher ratio of the central statements (Ce.), (3) a higher quality of constructs and more accurate expressions of persons were proved by showing a higher frequency and a higher ratio of descriptive words used for traits, and (4) the way the subjects organized person perceptions were shown by higher frequency of both qualifying (Q.) and organizing (Or.) terms. It can be said that with (1), (2) and (3), changes of constructs themselves appeared in the descriptions were examined, while with (4) the development of systems organizing those constructs were studies.
Coding reliabilities of analysis for (1), (2) and (3) were satisfactorily high. More studies however, for (4) seemed to be necessary to obtain a higher reliability (Table 2).
The developmental aspects shown in (1), (2) and (3) were all alike (Tables 3 & 4). In those analyses, children in the 1st and 2nd grades did not show any significant increase, but the significant development was found with those among the 2nd and 3rd graders. Also such tendency existed up through the 6th graders. With the subjects of the 6th-8th, however, the development again showed slowly indicating the changes of their attitudes and the orientations toward the persons; their self-insights increased. In (4), a significant development was found with the children of the 2nd and 3rd grades. But with those of the 3rd-5th, no notable increase was found. With the subjects of the 5th-8th, again, a significant development was found (Tables 5 & 6): The developmental aspects seen in (1), (2) and (3) were not necessarily pararell with that in (4); instead, they showed the supplementary trends; when the development was slow in the former (developments in constructs) the development of self-insight increased; thus the developmental aspect of constructs was noticed along with the change of the systematization method of constructs.
The sex differences of the subjects were found only with the 8th graders, Girls showed more constructs than boys.
Right : This study dealt with the development of person perception of children and of early adolescents. 278 subjects consisted of eight different grades (1st-8th gredes) were instructed to write about three persons. These descriptions were analyzed by the content analysis (method) which dealt with the following four phases: (a) Calculation of the number of statements appeared in the descriptions, (b) categorization of each statement in either central or peripheral one, (c) picking out the expressed traits of persons and (d) classifying the qualifying (Q.) and organizing (Or.) terms. In (a), (b) and (c) phases, similar types of developments were found. But in (d) some different trends were found: The developments in (a), (b), (c) and (d) phases started at their ages of 7-8 years simultaneously, But the development seen in the first three phases ((a), (b) and (c)) stopped at their ages of 12-14 years, while the development in (d) continued further.

Abstract

This study dealt with the development of person perception of children and of early adolescents. 278 subjects consisted of eight different grades (1st-8th gredes) were instructed to write about three persons. These descriptions were analyzed by the content analysis (method) which dealt with the following four phases: (a) Calculation of the number of statements appeared in the descriptions, (b) categorization of each statement in either central or peripheral one, (c) picking out the expressed traits of persons and (d) classifying the qualifying (Q.) and organizing (Or.) terms. In (a), (b) and (c) phases, similar types of developments were found. But in (d) some different trends were found: The developments in (a), (b), (c) and (d) phases started at their ages of 7-8 years simultaneously, But the development seen in the first three phases ((a), (b) and (c)) stopped at their ages of 12-14 years, while the development in (d) continued further.

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