モデリング過程における代理性強化の機能

利島 保

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.48.125

THE VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT FUNCTION IN MODELING PROCESS

TAMOTSU TOSHIMA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1977 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 125-131

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.48.125

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Published: September 20, 1977 Received: September 24, 1976 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The present study was designed to investigate the effects of vicarious reinforcement on the modeling process of observational learning using the commodity preference task.
The subjects were 40 preschoolers with a mean age of 5: 08 years. In order to know the original choices of items, they were given pre-test consisting of card presentations of 30 different pairs. The subjects were divided into D-R (demonstration with reinforcement) and D-NR (demonstration with no reinforcement) groups. The model (MO) in Group D-R demonstrated preference for one item, which the subject originally chose. The MO's demonstration for Group D-NR was the same for Group D-R, except that the MO was not reinforced. After observing the MO's response, the subject was asked to make his own choice of item (P) in each pair and to recall the item (Re), which the MO chose, under the non-reinforcement condition. Three experimental sessions were conducted, each consisting of ten trials.
The following were the main results.
(1) Both imitation scores of P and Re in Group D-R were superior to those of Group D-NR.
(2) In both groups, the Re score was superior to the P score.
(3) Both modeling scores of Group D-R increased over trials, but in Group D-NR the increment of Re over trials and the decrement of P in the third session were found.
(4) From the analyses of the modeling response patterns, in Group D-R the consistent pattern of P and Re, P+Re+, on each trial was dominant with respect to other patterns, while the P-Re+ pattern was dominant in Group D-NR.
(5) In the first experimental session, there was no difference in Re between the two groups, but the P in Group D-R was higher than that Group D-NR.
These results demonstrate not only that vicarious reinforcement increased performance on the modeling responses as a result of the MO's demonstration, but that it functions so that the subjects acquire the secondary reinforcing properties of the MO's responses.
Right : The present study was designed to investigate the effects of vicarious reinforcement on performance and recall of the commodity preference task in preschoolers. One group (D-R) observed the model's responses (demonstration) with reinforcement, while the other group _??_(D-NR) observed them without it. After observation, the subjects were asked to choose the commodity items and to remember the model's items chosen under the non-reinforcement condition. It was found that vicarious reinforcement (the D-R condition) increased modeling performance and that the model's demonstration resulted in higher recall in both groups. These results were discussed in terms of both Bandura's modeling theory and Bear & Sherman's generalized imitation theory.

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of vicarious reinforcement on performance and recall of the commodity preference task in preschoolers. One group (D-R) observed the model's responses (demonstration) with reinforcement, while the other group _??_(D-NR) observed them without it. After observation, the subjects were asked to choose the commodity items and to remember the model's items chosen under the non-reinforcement condition. It was found that vicarious reinforcement (the D-R condition) increased modeling performance and that the model's demonstration resulted in higher recall in both groups. These results were discussed in terms of both Bandura's modeling theory and Bear & Sherman's generalized imitation theory.

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