LTSからの情報検索におけるSTSの情報の効果 STSの特性に関する一考察

古滝 美代子

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.48.148

THE EFFECTS OF THE INFORMATION IN STS UPON THE RETRIEVAL OF THE INFORMATION IN LTS

A CONSIDERATION ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STS

MIYOKO KOTAKI

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1977 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 148-155

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.48.148

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Published: September 20, 1977 Received: January 08, 1977 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Three experiments were designed to examine the effects of the information in STS upon the time to retrieve the information in LTS.
In the preliminary experiment, the time to retrieve immediately from STS such information that are well-organized as long-term memory was measured by probe technique. The materials were 7 paired-associate lists, each of which was composed of 12 three-letter noun pairs (termed LT sets).
To activate the relevant information organized in long-term memory for LT sets, an orienting task (OT) which demanded subjects to judge the semantic relationship between two nouns within each pair was given. The results of this immediate recall (IR) group (Fig. 1) were used as control.
In Exp. I, the retrieval time of LT sets was measured under two conditions in which the information of ST sets existed in STS for an orienting task. On each trial, ST set composed of 7 three-letter noun pairs was presented following LT set. The OT for ST sets was to judge the phonemic relationship between two nouns within each pair. OTs had two levels of difficulty. The subjects were divided into two groups, one for the easy OT and the other for the difficult OT. Results showed the significant difference in retrieval time between two groups in Exp. I and IR group. And the difference between the easy OT group and the difficult OT group was also significant (Fig. 2).
In Exp. II, the retrieval time of LT sets was measured under two conditions in which the information of ST sets existed in STS for a memorizing task. The method in Exp. II was identical with that in Exp. I, except that subjects were instructed to memorize ST sets as well as LT sets. The significant difference in retrieval time was found between two groups in Exp. II and IR group (Fig. 4).
Comparison of the results in Exp. I with those in Exp. II revealed the significant difference between the easy OT group in Exp. I and the two groups in Exp. II.
In Exp. I and Exp. II, subjects were asked at the end of the session to recall all ST sets. Results showed that, regardless of whether subjects intended to memorize ST sets or not, the retention of the pairs that were different only in the first letter was the best (Fig. 3). This was interpreted to mean that the pairs having such type of phonemic relationship were easier to discriminate, thus facilitating the paired-associate learning.
To summarize the main results, the time to retrieve the information of LT sets under conditions in which subjects were required to judge or to memorize ST sets presented following LT sets was significantly longer than the time to retrieve the identical information immediately from STS. And the retrieval time of LT sets significantly varied with the difficulty of the task for ST sets.
These results were considered to suggest the characteristics of STS as output buffer affected by the attentional factor.
Right : The effects of the information in STS upon the time to retrieve the information in LTS were examined. On each trial, the subjects were presented with ST set (7 noun pairs) following LT set (12 noun pairs) and were required to judge the phonemic relationship in each pair in ST set or to memorize ST set as well as LT set in addition to the judgment. The retrieval time of LT set followed by ST set was significantly longer than the time to retrieve the identical information immediately from STS, and significantly varied with the difficulty of the task for ST sets. These results were considered to suggest the characteristics of STS as output buffer affected by the attentional factor.

Abstract

The effects of the information in STS upon the time to retrieve the information in LTS were examined. On each trial, the subjects were presented with ST set (7 noun pairs) following LT set (12 noun pairs) and were required to judge the phonemic relationship in each pair in ST set or to memorize ST set as well as LT set in addition to the judgment. The retrieval time of LT set followed by ST set was significantly longer than the time to retrieve the identical information immediately from STS, and significantly varied with the difficulty of the task for ST sets. These results were considered to suggest the characteristics of STS as output buffer affected by the attentional factor.

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