視覚情報処理における2種類の干渉

箱田 裕司

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.51.188

TWO KINDS OF INTERFERENCE IN VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING

YUJI HAKODA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1980 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 188-194

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.51.188

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Published: November 20, 1980 Received: December 21, 1979 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : An attempt was made to explore mechanisms underlying two interference phenomena, visual backward masking and visual retroactive interference.
Experiment 1 was designed to measure the temporal range of the interpolated stimulus affecting letter identification. Four students participated in this experiment. They were instructed to identify each of nineteen Japanese cursive characters (original stimuli, OSs) tachistoscopically presented for 5 or 10ms, which was followed by small black dots on a white background (interpolated stimuli, ISs) exposed for 200ms (Fig. 1). The critical interstimulus intervals (ISIs) at which the subjects correctly recognized OSs twice in succession were measured.
Experiment 2 was designed to examine the deleterious effects of IS on the retention of identity (I) and position (P) information of OS. OS was a three by three matrix containing three randomly positioned letters (Fig. 3). IS was a three by three matrix containing the same dot pattern in each cell as the IS in Experiment 1. The subjects were the same as those in Experiment 1. The results showed that both P- and I-information were lost mostly within the critical ISI obtained in Experiment 1, and that as the ISI increased further, P-loss decreased more drastically than I-loss (Fig. 4).
Experiments 3 and 4 were designed to examine the effects that the recall, recognition, or reversal recall of the IS has on the retention of P- and I-information. The OSs used in Experiments 3 and 4 were the same as in Experiment 2, but the ISs were five dot patterns located randomly in a three by three matrix. The recall, recognition, or reversal recall of IS was asked after the recall of OS in Experiment 3, and before the recall of OS in Experiment 4. Four subjects, who did not participate in the previous experiments, were employed in Experiments 3 and 4. There was no loss for both P- and I-information in Experiment 3, but a selective loss of P-information in Experiment 4 (Fig. 5).
Based on the results of these experiments, visual backward masking and visual retroactive interference were defined operationally as follows: Visual backward masking was an exhaustive loss of P- and I-information that was caused by the exposure of IS, while visual retroactive interference was a selective loss of P-information that was caused by the recall, recognition, or reversal recall of IS. It was tentatively suggested that visual backward masking originates in the iconic storage, and visual retroactive interference originates in the retrieval process from the visual short-term storage.
Right : An original stimulus (OS) containing three letters in a three by three matrix was briefly presented and followed, after various interstimulus intervals (ISIs), by an interpolated stimulus (IS) containing mask patterns. The exposure of IS impaired severely both position and identity recalls when ISIs were shorter than 20 ms. At longer ISIs, mere exposure of IS did not impair recall of OS, but, if the subjects were asked to make the recall, recognition, or reversal recall of IS before the recall of OS, these tasks caused the selective loss of position information of OS. The results suggested that visual backward masking originates in iconic storage, and visual retroactive interference originates in retrieval process from the visual short-term store.

Abstract

An original stimulus (OS) containing three letters in a three by three matrix was briefly presented and followed, after various interstimulus intervals (ISIs), by an interpolated stimulus (IS) containing mask patterns. The exposure of IS impaired severely both position and identity recalls when ISIs were shorter than 20 ms. At longer ISIs, mere exposure of IS did not impair recall of OS, but, if the subjects were asked to make the recall, recognition, or reversal recall of IS before the recall of OS, these tasks caused the selective loss of position information of OS. The results suggested that visual backward masking originates in iconic storage, and visual retroactive interference originates in retrieval process from the visual short-term store.

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