日本語児における語順・格ストラテジーについて

岩立 志津夫

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.51.233

THE WORD-ORDER AND CASE STRATEGIES IN JAPANESE CHILDREN

SHIZUO IWATATE

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1980 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 233-240

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.51.233

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Published: January 20, 1981 Received: March 06, 1979 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : An experiment (Hayashibe, 1975) on sentence comprehension of simple sentences indicated that there were four stages of development of perceptual strategy: (a) egocentric, (b) semantic, (c) word-order, and (d) postposition strategies. In order to investigate the Hayashibe's four stages (especially (c) and (d)), two experiments were conducted. The subjects were 23 children divided by age into three groups: A (-3; 5), B (3; 6-3; 11), C (4; 0-). Two postpositions (‘ga’ and ‘o’) and four verbs were used.
In Exp. I the subjects had to choose one out of two pictures, in one of which the agent and the patient were the same as those described by the sentence, and in the other they were reversed. Two types of sentences were used:
(1a) Agent-ga V, (1b) Patient-o V.
In Exp. II the subjects were seated in front of four toys, and were asked to act out the sentence with the toys. Seven types of sentences were used:
(2a) Agent-ga Patient-o V,
(2b) Agent-ga Patient V,
(2c) Agent Patient-o V,
(2d) Patient-o Agent-ga V,
(2e) Patient-o Agent V,
(2f) Patient Agent-ga V,
(2g) NP NP V.
The main results were as follows.
1. The percentage of correct response increased sharply with age from 52% to 72% in Exp. I, and from 35% to 64% in Exp. II (Fig. 2). These figures show that the postposition strategy begins to be used at the age of about four, which is the age that separates groups B and C.
2. Before the postposition strategy is used, there is a period when the subjects depend upon the word-order strategy, in which the first and the second nouns are interpreted as agent and patient, respectively. This conclusion was drawn from the following findings in Exp. II: (1) There were more correct responses for sentences 2a-2c than for sentences 2d-2f in groups B and C (Fig. 3); (2) The error of mistaking the word-order of 2d-2f for that of 2a-2c increased with the rise of comprehension level (Table 5).
The word-order strategy, however, is insufficient because it can not explain the following results in Exp. I: (a) In groups A and B there were more correct responses for sentence 1a than for sentence 1b (Fig. 3); (b) The error of mistaking patient (1b) for agent (1a) increased with the rise of comprehension level (Table 5). Although word-order strategy needs plural nouns in a sentence to take effect, the sentences in Exp. I have only one noun. In order to explain the results in Exp. I, a new strategy (case strategy: The first noun is interpreted as agent-case while the other is ignored) was proposed. Two strategies are complementary to each other.
Right : To investigate the Hayashibe's finding on the four stages of development of perceptual strategy in sentence comprehension, two experiments were conducted. In Exp. I the card-choosing technique and NP+V sentences were used. In Exp. II the acting-out technique and NP+NP+V sentences were used. The main results were as follows: (a) Postposition strategy began to be used at the age of about four; (b) before postposition strategy there was a period of word-order strategy. The latter strategy, however, is insufficient because it can not explain the results for one-noun sentences in Exp. I. Therefore, a new complementary strategy (case strategy) was proposed.

Abstract

To investigate the Hayashibe's finding on the four stages of development of perceptual strategy in sentence comprehension, two experiments were conducted. In Exp. I the card-choosing technique and NP+V sentences were used. In Exp. II the acting-out technique and NP+NP+V sentences were used. The main results were as follows: (a) Postposition strategy began to be used at the age of about four; (b) before postposition strategy there was a period of word-order strategy. The latter strategy, however, is insufficient because it can not explain the results for one-noun sentences in Exp. I. Therefore, a new complementary strategy (case strategy) was proposed.

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