Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of face-to-face playing on choice behavior in prisoner's dilemma games. Subjects were female undergraduates. Experiment I showed that the subjects under the face-to-face condition played less competitively than those under the non-face-to-face condition in a game with the matrix composed of plus scores and minus scores. Experiment II showed that the subjects under the face-to-face condition played more competitively than those under the non-face-to-face condition in a game with the matrix composed of only plus scores. It was suggested that face-to-face playing facilitated the behavior avoiding the subject's and her partner's minus scores in the first game and the behavior outscoring the partner in the second game.
