Tumor Lysis Syndrome Occurrence following Cervical Lymph Node Biopsy in a Malignant Lymphoma Patient—A Case Study—

Abstract

A 60-year-old female patient presented with primary complaints of light-headedness and fatigue, prompting a medical consultation and subsequent referral to the internal medicine department of our hospital for comprehensive evaluation. Laboratory investigations indicated anemia, impaired liver function, and abnormally elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. Computed tomography revealed lymphadenopathy and enlarged periaortic lymph nodes, suggesting a potential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. To establish a definitive diagnosis, surgical biopsy of the cervical lymph node was performed under local anesthesia, with resection of 2 cm lymph nodes adjacent to the left internal jugular vein. Postoperatively, the patient was administered oral prednisolone (80 mg) as pre-phase therapy for malignant lymphoma. The following morning, the patient developed severe hypoglycemia and progressive acidosis, leading to hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia. Despite therapeutic intervention, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, resulting in mortality within the same day.

The observed clinical course was indicative of tumor lysis syndrome secondary to malignant lymphoma. This case report is presented alongside a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature.