Epiduroscopy and the Spread of Epidural Anesthesia

Abstract

  Many investigators have described the differences in dose requirement of local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia from patient to patient. We discussed the possible mechanisms for relationships between the epiduroscopic findings and the spread of epidural anesthesia. Epiduroscopy showed the alterations in its findings according to age, vertebral regions, pregnancy and histories of previous epidural anesthesia. The alteration of the epidural structure may affect the spread of local anesthetics in the epidural space.