Abstract
When performing spinal and/or epidural anesthesia, it is important to understanding morphological changes in the spinal canal including the subarachnoid space and epidural space. Therefore, we have investigated those using myelography, epidurography, discography, cadaver and magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we described epidural volume effects, morphological changes by pregnancy, obesity and aging, the relationship between the cauda equina and position, and differences in the cauda equina between adults and children.
