Abstract
Short-acting β-blockers are useful for the perioperative control of heart rate in a variety of conditions and diseases. The safe use of these drugs requires an understanding of their pharmacokinetics and the pathophysiology of patients. Myocardial ischemia can lead to a vicious cycle of deterioration. Short-acting β-blockers are immediately effective in preventing further deterioration. Refractory ventricular fibrillation after the release of aortic clamping is a new indication that may contribute to the prevention of myocardial damage. In patients with atrial fibrillation, heart-rate control or pharmacological defibrillation by short-acting β-blockers in combination with sodium channel blockers may help to prevent the development of congestive heart failure or ischemic stroke.
