Abstract
Anesthesiologists are responsible for administering all anesthesia. However, anesthesiologists in Japan cannot be involved in all anesthesia because of the shortage of anesthesiologists. Some solutions to this problem include a perioperative management team and concurrent anesthesiologist-directed anesthesia procedures. Perioperative management team is a team of physician and non-physician anesthesia members and can administer anesthetics by second-person confirmation. Concurrent anesthesia procedures in Japan are defined as simultaneous provision of anesthesia on two patients under one anesthesiologist supervising perioperative management team members. I think these systems can provide safe and high-quality anesthesia.
