Abstract
Japanese physicians work long hours compared with developed countries such as the United States, Germany and France. Long work of physicians might induce not only health problems of physicians but also medical malpractice. However, more than half of Japanese hospitals with 200 beds or more founded by local governments perform illegal personnel management, such as working more hours than legal limit and working overtime without pay. In order to prevent physician burnout and medical malpractice, proper personnel management should be done in Japanese hospitals.