Anesthetic Management for Noncardiac Surgery in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Many patients with congenital heart disease are now entering adulthood, and an increasing number of patients with adult congenital heart disease（ACHD）are undergoing noncardiac surgery. ACHD is a systemic disease, and preoperative evaluation is crucial in anesthetic management for noncardiac surgery. However, there is no evidence that one method of anesthesia is superior to another for the anesthetic management of noncardiac surgery in patients with ACHD. Therefore, it is important to assess the hemodynamics in individual cases, evaluate the risks of the procedure, and anticipate possible complications.