Genomic alteration in thyroid tumors

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most commonly encountered endocrine malignancy in clinical practice, ranging from indolent well-differentiated carcinomas (papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma) to aggressive poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and lethal undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma. Recent advances in the field of molecular biology enable assessment of histology-specific gene expressions and genetic abnormalities. Based on these evidences, molecular testing is now considered as one of the useful ancillary tools for the cytopathology of thyroid tumors.