The Strategy and Surgical Correction of Orbital and Global Dystopia in Craniofacial Surgery

Abstract

　　Orbital dystopia, which is vertical, horizontal or mixed displacement of the orbit, is mainly an aesthetic problem, except when due to trauma or neoplasm, because the patient does not have vision problems. To obtain a morphologically aesthetic outcome, the volume of soft tissue and bone has to be assessed accurately on computed tomography and three-dimensional models to make a proper diagnosis. In addition, accurate and reasonable surgical techniques for aesthetic craniofacial surgery using both intracranial and extracranial approaches are necessary. We herein report our systematic craniofacial approaches to these surgically and aesthetically challenging deformities.