Secondary damage by ESS and countermeasures

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the nose and sinuses. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis that does not improve sufficiently with medical treatment undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although ESS is a useful technique, it sometimes causes secondary damage and complications because of massive bleeding, lack of understanding of sinus anatomy by the practitioner, malformation of sinus anatomy, and lack of surgical skill of the practitioner. Therefore, control of bleeding, understanding of the sinus anatomy in a patient undergoing surgery, and excellent surgical skills of the practitioner are necessary to prevent secondary damage.