Abstract
Recently, epiduroscopy (EDS) has been increasingly applied in several countries for treatment of patients with refractory low back pain. However, there is no clear-cut indication to apply this procedure in patients with or without former surgical interventions for low back pain. We report 3 successful cases in which patients responded well to EDS even though these patients had shown poor outcome from epidural block in the past. It appears that if the symptoms are significant despite unremarkable imaging studies, EDS can be applied for the treatment of refractory low back pain.