Processing of FGM with Five Concentric Layers by Spark Plasma Sintering and Analysis by the Finite Element Method

— The Fabrication of TiH₂-(SHAp-100+β-TCP) Functionally Graded Material (FGM) —

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/TiH₂ FGMs were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). It aimed at the compatibility of strength and a good biocompatibility by fabricating the artifical tooth root as FGMs. This study focuses on the effects of composition of the layer on the bending strength, elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient and crack generation behavior. The measurement of the bending strength clarified that strength lowered in a specific composition. The residual stresses induced in the FGMs were calculated by FEM. By this analysis, it became clear that the layer on which stress concentrated. And the stress can be lowered by change the layer composition gradually. The generation of the crack became hard by controlling the composition of the layer and suppressing the stress below the bending strength. The crack-free FGMs with five concentric layers were successfully fabricated by SPS.