Multiscale Synchrotron X-ray CT Analysis of Sintering Defects for Highly Reliable Materials

Abstract

Synchrotron X-ray multiscale tomography is a 3D imaging technique that integrates microtomography and nanotomography, enabling high spatial resolution analysis across a broad field of view. This approach allows for tracking 3D microstructural changes at multiple length scales in processes such as powder compaction, sintering, and ceramic microfracture. The heterogeneity, complexity, diversity, and hierarchical nature of powder compacts give rise to various defect types that influence product quality, reliability, and lifespan. In spark plasma sintering, defect formation and elimination are influenced by applied external stress, while internal stresses generated during differential and constrained sintering also play a critical role. Furthermore, the intricate subsurface crack networks formed by Vickers indentation highlight how heterogeneous microstructures contribute to toughening mechanisms.