Impact Assessment of Lubricants on Powder Properties in Metal Powder Premixes

Abstract

The flow properties of metal powder premixes are influenced by the selection of powder metallurgy (PM) lubricants, which affect both the chemical composition and physical characteristics of the premix. External factors, such as environmental conditions during mixing, transportation, and storage, as well as blending methods, play a significant role in altering flowability. PM lubricants must sustain optimal flow across a range of conditions, including elevated temperatures, humidity, and shear stress. This study evaluates the influence of lubricant hardness, manufacturing processes, and premix preparation techniques on flow behavior. Statistical analysis was performed to quantify the effects of these variables. Additionally, newly developed lubricants were compared with commercial alternatives using flowmeters, GranuDrum, and die-filling assessments. Results show that the novel lubricants retained superior flow properties under challenging conditions and achieved faster, more stable filling than commercially available products.