Abstract
The principles of the developments in optics and lighting which have so greatly improved endoscopy in recent years will be concisely but briefly reviewed. This involves an ingenious change in telescopic systems and the incorporation of fiber threads, for lighting in the rigid instruments; and the use of fiber optics for both lighting and viewing in the flexible instruments. The advantages to bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy, particularly in small infants will be reviewed and then will be demonstrated by motion picture representation of such examinations and treatments. Laparoscopy will be discussed in greater detail and will also be demonstrated by motion pictures. Urethrocystoscopy, vaginoscopy and procto-sigmoidoscopy will only be very briefly discussed. Attention will then be turned to studies with the flexible endoscopes : gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and a miscellaneous group of cases. Our results and a review of our cases will be described.
