Abstract
Pediatric pneumothorax is rare disease but almost all cases are cured by a resection of bulla or treatment for a primary disease. We report a rare case in which the disease began at the bilateral pneumothorax and finally led to living donor lung transplantation, due to rapidly worsening of bilateral bulla and parenchymal fibrosis. Pathological diagnosis of the lung was Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonia. The treatment for interstitial pneumonia is mainly medical. On the other hand, the one for pneumothorax is generally surgical. It is important to find out whether any primary disease exists when a treatment of pneumothorax is initiated, because surgical treatment alone will not heal a pneumothorax which has a primary medical cause. We also suggest careful decision making regarding indication of pleurodesis in a case of pneumothorax with interstitial pneumonia. It is rare but some cases of interstitial pneumonia lead to lung transplantation and the unconsidered pleurodesis to pneumothorax may be the cause of prolonged operative duration or increased intraoperative hemorrhage at lung transplantation due to intrathoracic adhesion.
