A Case of Endobronchial Actinomycosis Associated with Broncholithiasis Diagnosed by Endoscopy

Abstract

Background. Actinomycosis associated broncholithiasis is uncommon. Case. A 73-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital because of persistent bloody sputum following chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal cancer. Bronchoscopy revealed a yellow-white mass in the right B² orifice, and endobronchial actinomycosis was diagnosed by biopsy. Despite the administration of ampicillin for 1 month and amoxicillin for 5 months, the size of the mass remained unchanged. A definitive diagnosis of endobronchial actinomycosis associated with broncholithiasis was subsequently confirmed by repeat biopsy. Conclusion. Although endobronchial actinomycosis associated with broncholithiasis is a rare condition, we should consider it as a differential diagnosis for bloody sputum and thus perform bronchoscopy to investigate.