Abstract
The effects of dominant forest canopy species and leaf raking treatment on the demography of Lilium auratum Lindley were investigated from 2006 to 2008 and 2011 to 2013 in Musashi-Kyuryo National Government Park, central Japan. Individual plants were classified into three stages: juvenile, bolting, and flowering. The juvenile stage was subdivided into three size classes (J1, J2, and J3) and the bolting stage was subdivided into two size classes (B1 and B2) . Individuals in the juvenile stages stayed in the same stage for 7 ∼ 9 years before they reached the bolting stage. When individuals progressed from J3 to B1, survival rates decreased to values similar to those for individuals in J1. As deciduous tree species became dominant in the canopy layer, the transition rates from juvenile stages to bolting stages decreased. The elasticity values calculated in this study from stage projection (Lefkovitch) matrices showed that the importance of the survival (stasis) in the flowering stage on population growth rate was not prominent, unlike for other herbaceous species. The leaf raking practice increased the recruitment rate of new seedlings and consequently increased the population growth rate. Adults of L. auratum may use a switching reproductive strategy by which they can change their allocation pattern from sexual to asexual reproduction or vice versa depending on the thickness of the A0 horizon.
