Abstract
The expression of requests and orders has until now been considered as separate. However, given the functional similarity that exists between them as actions of demand to the listener, we intend to reconsider them as one unified expression of demand, They are divided into two types: "beneficiary +" and "beneficiary -" according to the existence of benefits to the speaker. As a result of some consideration, we have found out two things: a) "Beneficiary -" includes "o 〜kudasai", which had previously been considered as the polite form of " 〜te kudasai (please do〜)". b) "〜Te kudasai" has both elements of "beneficiary +" and "beneficiary -".
