Prosodic features of "-ndeskedo" at the end of sentences

- In relation to preceding element and speaker's intention-

Abstract

In this study, we inspected prosodic features of "-ndeskedo" in natural conversation of native speakers and Japanese teaching materials. We observed following points, 1) a) Falling intonation and lengthening of a final vowel /o/ are necessary when "-ndeskedo" is used to ask for the listener's action, and b) in natural conversation pitch raising is often added before falling. 2) When the preceding element (word(s) before "-ndeskedo") shows the speaker's intention of asking the listener to do something, short pronunciation can be used.