Abstract
Why do Japanese learners struggle to utilize certain linguistic forms in appropriate contexts? Kida and Shimizu(2013), as well as Kawaguchi(2019), claimed that one of the significant reason is that function of these forms is not written clearly in textbooks. I analyzed how teiru is introduced in Japanese textbooks for beginners. The target of this analysis include how teiru is used in example sentences, grammar explanations, dialogues and exercises. It became clear that none of the textbooks mentioned the use functions of the teiru form. In order to help Japanese learners to utilize the grammar, and to have better communication, both teachers and learners should cultivate a better knowledge of its functions.
https://ror.org/039pch476 
