Predicate Constraints in the Preceding and Subsequent Clauses of “Te-Form” Connection Expressing Cause and Reason :

From Beginner and Intermediate Japanese Language Textbooks, Reference Books, and Prior Research Reports

Abstract

I conducted research on what predicate constraints in the preceding and subsequent clauses are described in Japanese language textbooks, reference books, and prior research reports. The textbooks and reference books mainly emphasize that volitional verbs are not use in the subsequent clause, and do not mention about preceding clauses. However, prior research reports indicate that non-volitional verbs or expressions indicating states or continuity are used in preceding clauses. It is thought that understanding these constraints lead to more effective feedback to students’ output.