Peer Watching–Based Collaborative Learning:

Expanding Learning through Audiovisual Materials

Abstract

This study proposes “peer watching,” a peer-learning activity in which Japanese language learners and native speakers co-construct knowledge through discussion while viewing audiovisual materials that include cultural and nonverbal information. Six learner–native speaker pairs watched a 30-minute documentary on Japanese night schools individually and then together; questionnaires and recorded discussions were analyzed. Successful pairs used reciprocal questioning, empathic responses, and comparisons with their own cultures, leading to deeper, evolving perspectives and follow-up self-study. Unsuccessful pairs showed superficial backchanneling and limited support during silences, reducing collaborative learning effects.