Abstract
Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process essential for appropriate host responses, tissue protection, and the return to homeostasis. Systematic metabolomic studies of lipid mediators in the course of acute inflammatory responses revealed that ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived mediators are generated within resolving exudates, including resolvin E1 from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and protectin D1 from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These products proved to be potent inhibitors of neutrophil infiltration, cytokine productions, and promote resolution by increasing macrophage ingestion of apoptotic cells and clearance from exudates. These results established novel arrays of bioactive lipid mediators derived from ω3 fatty acids by leukocytes during cell-cell interactions that regulate acute inflammation and promote resolution.
