How Healthy Lifestyle Habits Have Interacted with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccinations: Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Masatsugu Orui; Taku Obara; Mami Ishikuro; Aoi Noda; Genki Shinoda; Keiko Murakami; Tomohiro Nakamura; Hirohito Metoki; Soichi Ogishima; Yoko Izumi; Naoki Nakaya; Atsushi Hozawa; Tadashi Ishii; Fuji Nagami; Masayuki Yamamoto; Shinichi Kuriyama

doi:10.31662/jmaj.2024-0043

Original Research Article

How Healthy Lifestyle Habits Have Interacted with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccinations: Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Masatsugu Orui, Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Aoi Noda, Genki Shinoda, Keiko Murakami, Tomohiro Nakamura, Hirohito Metoki, Soichi Ogishima, Yoko Izumi, Naoki Nakaya, Atsushi Hozawa, Tadashi Ishii, Fuji Nagami, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shinichi Kuriyama

Author information

Masatsugu Orui
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Taku Obara
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Mami Ishikuro
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Aoi Noda
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Genki Shinoda
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Keiko Murakami
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Tomohiro Nakamura
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Faculty of Data Science, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
Hirohito Metoki
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
Soichi Ogishima
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Yoko Izumi
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Naoki Nakaya
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Atsushi Hozawa
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Tadashi Ishii
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Fuji Nagami
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Masayuki Yamamoto
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Shinichi Kuriyama
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, infection, lifestyle habit, cohort study, booster shot

JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
Supplementary material

2024 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 353-363

DOI https://doi.org/10.31662/jmaj.2024-0043

Details

Abstract

Introduction: To examine the interaction between lifestyle habits and the COVID-19 vaccinations for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analyzed 11,016 adult participants registered in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.

Methods: Lifestyle variables, including regular exercise, smoking and drinking habits, sleep status, body mass index, and daily breakfast consumption, were assessed from 2014 to 2019 using baseline questionnaires. Information on SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 vaccination were also collected from March 2020 to May 2023. The study period was divided into two in the postvaccination phase: the first period (the beginning of the vaccination program) and the second period (the fourth shot onward).

Results: In the Cox proportional-hazards model analysis, the five-time vaccinations group showed a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection adjusted age, sex, underlying health condition, and lifestyle variables (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.86). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher number of vaccinations was significantly associated with a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of lifestyle habits (three times in the first period: odds ratio [OR] 0.19, 95% CI 0.15-0.24; five times in the second period: OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.05-0.11 vs. none). Regarding lifestyle habits, the risk reduction in those who had sleep satisfaction (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.08-0.18) was slightly larger than in those who had sleep dissatisfaction (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.17-0.32) in the group with the highest number of vaccinations in the first period; however, this interaction was hardly confirmed in the second period when the number of infected cases significantly increased.

Conclusions: Our findings indicated that a higher number of COVID-19 vaccinations was associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; otherwise, we may need to understand the advantages and limitations of a healthy lifestyle for preventing infection depending on the situation with vaccinations and infection spreading.

Corresponding author

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