coping review design: a methodological review for structuring and applying clinical questions

Abstract

The diversity of intervention approaches, outcome measures, and study designs in physical therapy frequently complicates the comparison and synthesis of evidence. Scoping reviews (ScR) have gained recognition as a practical approach for mapping research domains and structuring clinical questions. This paper describes the aims and key characteristics of ScR, highlights their distinctions from systematic reviews, and outlines how the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework can be used to formulate research questions. We also summarize the major steps involved in conducting an ScR—protocol development, literature searching, study selection, data extraction and charting, and synthesis of findings—drawing on the authors’ practical experience. In addition, we discuss the value and future potential of ScR in physical therapy research, as well as the essential role of mentorship throughout the review process. This paper aims to enhance readers’ understanding of ScR and support those beginning to undertake this methodological approach.