Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II
Online ISSN : 2186-9057
Print ISSN : 0026-1165
ISSN-L : 0026-1165

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Numerical Analysis of the Mesoscale Dynamics of an Extreme Rainfall and Flood Event in Sri Lanka in May 2016
Suranjith Bandara KORALEGEDARAChuan-Yao LINYang-Fan SHENG
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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS Advance online publication

Article ID: 2019-046

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Abstract

 This study analyzed the synoptic and mesoscale dynamics and underlying mechanism of an extreme rainfall and flood event that occurred in Sri Lanka from 14–17 May 2016 using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations with a horizontal grid size of 3 km and observational data. This extreme rainfall event was associated with a low-pressure system (LPS) that originated over the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean and passed over Sri Lanka. The observed maximum accumulation of rainfall during the event exceeded 300 mm at several weather stations during 15–16 May and resulted in severe flooding and landslides, particularly in the western part of the island. The model closely simulated the timing of the initiation of the LPS and its development along the east coast of Sri Lanka. The model could capture the overall rainfall tendency and pattern of this event. Synoptic and mesoscale analyses indicated that this extreme rainfall event occurred as the cumulative effect of a sustained low-level convergence zone generated by an enhanced westerly monsoon flow and the circulation of the LPS alongside a continuous supply of high-magnitude moisture, strong vertical motion, and orographic effects of the Central Mountains of Sri Lanka. Model sensitivity experiments indicated that rainfall over the western slope area of the mountains was enhanced by mountain lifting, whereas western coastal rainfall was reduced because the mountains blocked the northeasterly flow of the LPS.

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© The Author(s) 2019. This is an open access article published by the Meteorological Society of Japan under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
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