On Ice Columns in Soil
1924 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 55-58
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1924 Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 55-58
Literature (1) T. Leconte: Observations on a remarkable exadation of ice from the stems of vegetables and on a singular protrusion of icy columns from certain kind of earth during frosty Weather. Philos. Mag. (3) XXXVI. p. 329. Fortsch. d. Phya. 1850/51, p. 264.
(2) B. Schwalb: Ueber Eisfilamente. Met. Zeit. 1885. p. 185 Nature XXIX pp. 472. 496.
(3) Woodd Smith: Nature XXXI. p. 5 and discussions of many others in the same Vol. pp. 29, 81, 193, 216, 264.
(4) W. Prinz: Production des filaments de glace à la surface du sol. Ciel et. Terre 1885. pp. 208-210. Met. Zeit. 1885 p. 92 (145).
(5) R. Assmann: Ueber Eisfilamente. Meteorologie und Luftschiffahrt p. 14. Met. Zeit. 1890 Literature bericht. 20.
(6) Cleveland Abbe: Ice-columns in gravelly soil. Amer. Meteorol. Journ. Vol. IX. 1893 p. 523.
(7) T. Okada: Monthly Weather Review.
(8) M. Goto and L Inagaki. Report on the investigation in the Eiscolumns. Journ. Met. Soc. Japan. 18 year. (1897) p. 285. 351, 413.
The last paper accentuate the action of bubbles suspending in the thin film of water between the bottom of the ice columns and the earth surface. But there still remain some doubts and further investigation is recommended. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the general feature of the phenomenon, which is very common in Japan.
