Characteristics of Difficult person from intensive naikan session : A questionnaire survey

Abstract

  We divided intensive Naikan participants into three groups: an excellent group, a difficult group, and a dropout group to explore characteristics of each group. The focus of this article is on the difficult group. We began by examining the background factors of the three groups. The difficult group showed a disproportionate number of medical referrals, significantly different from the excellent group but not significant compared with the dropout group. A questionnaire survey indicated that the difficult group showed negative feelings and self concepts. After Naikan the difficult group showed low self concept and self esteem, a highly significant difference from the positive self concept and self esteem of the excellent group. In the difficult group the third theme of Naikan, troubles caused others, seemed to produce a strong sense of guilt.