Management of Direct Internal Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula in a Patient with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Case Study on Selective Transvenous Embolization Using Coils and N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate

Abstract

Objective: Direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a common neurovascular complication associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Nevertheless, reports indicate a significant incidence of treatment-related complications.

Case Presentation: We present a case of right CCF in a 28-year-old female with EDS. Femoral artery and vein punctures were performed under ultrasound guidance. We executed transvenous embolization (TVE) of the draining veins and the shunted fistula using a combination of coils and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), facilitated by an assisted transarterial balloon. The CCF resolved without any procedural complications.

Conclusion: Utilizing a combination of coils and NBCA in TVE is seen as a safe and efficient method for addressing CCF in patients with EDS. It enables preserving better visualization of the cavernous sinus and adjacent structures, making this approach particularly effective. By keeping a close watch, monitoring for potential high-risk complications, and strategically placing devices between the arterial and venous sides, the arterial puncture profile is reduced, enabling safer endovascular treatment.