On the Negation-based Structure of “Acting-Self” and the Expression of Life

Nishida’s Theory of Care

Abstract

Although it is the human condition to be taken care of by others, to care for them, it is inevitable that we face certain difficulties. On the one hand, such care can allow close contact with others, while, on the other hand, it can increase the risk of uncomfortable situations or even violence. Because of such complicated aspects providing（or receiving）care should be considered one of basic issues of philosophy. 　　The Japanese Philosopher Kitarō Nishida classified the fundamental types of the “self-understanding” into the “acting self” and the “known self.” However, he rejected the “known self” and prescribed the “acting self” as the true self. Meanwhile, most discussions on the difficulties of providing （or receiving）care have their basis in the viewpoint of the “known self”. Although this perspective objectively focuses on such problems and how to cope with them, it can be seen quite differently when researched from the viewpoint of the “acting self.” 　　Thus, the purpose of this study is two-fold. First, it explains the original significance of the “acting self” considering a concrete instance of care. Second, this article suggests new possibilities for how such care can be provided（or received）by researching its structure from the perspective of the “acting self.” Consequently, Nishida's thought can help us question how we can become good caregivers.