Abstract
The improved Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) code CEM2k+GEM2 and the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String Model code LAQGSM are extended to describe photonuclear reactions. First, we incorporate new evaluations of elementary cross sections based on the latest experimental data into CEM2k+GEM2 and also make several improvements in the description of the de-excitation of nuclei remaining after the cascade stage of reactions induced by arbitrary projectiles. Next, for photonuclear reactions we include a normalization to evaluated experimental absorption cross sections based on the recent systematics by Kossov in CEM2k+GEM2. Then, we extend our high-energy code LAQGSM by adding the photonuclear mode which was ignored in all its previous versions, and add to it the photonuclear part from our improved CEM2k+GEM2. Presently, these codes do not include a calculation for GDR and describe properly photonuclear reactions only at intermediate energies from∼30 MeV to∼1.5 GeV. In this work we present a short description of the photonuclear mode as incorporated into our codes, show several illustrative results, and point out some unresolved problems.
