Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are often used for treatment of tissue defects. We investigated the ability of lyophilized periosteum (Dura Mater: DM) to induce GBR when combined with growth factors and when used alone. Three types of DM complexes were prepared: DM alone, DM with rhBMP-2, and DM with purified bovine TGF-β. Three experiments were performed: 1) periodontal ligament fibro- blasts (PDLs) were co-cultured with the three DM complexes and observed; 2) new-born mice muscle tissues were co-cultured with the three complexes, removed at 5, 7 and 10 days, and the samples embedded in paraffin, cut and stained with hematoxylin eosin (HE); 3) the three complexes were implanted in the thigh muscle pouches of mice, removed at 5, 7 and 10 days, embedded in paraffin, cut and stained with HE. We found that in experiment 1) almost all of the cells were dead after 5 days of co-culture. In experiment 2) chondroid tissue was found in the group with rhBMP-2 and bone or a cartilage-like matrix was found in the group with TGF-β. There were no such changes in the group with DM alone. In experiment 3) no bone or cartilage-like tissue/matrix was detected, although densely aggregated inflammatory cells surrounded the implants. We concluded that DM may have some cytotoxic effects on the host tissues resulting from immunologic rejection and low histo-compatibility. Immunoreaction of the host tissue to DM may have negative effects on the ability of DM and DM complexes to regenerate bone.
