Abstract
It is essential to know the stresses generated in pipelines in order to maintain their safety from external forces. The highest stresses often occur in bent rather than straight sections. Two methods have been developed for non-destructively measuring stresses occurring in bent pipes: one is a method of non-destructively measuring stresses occurring in bent pipes using the principle of magnetostriction and the other is a method which uses the ovalization which occurs when an external load is applied to a bent pipe. Tests have confirmed that both of these methods are fully practical and capable of measuring stresses with sufficient precision.
