Building Zero-Emission Cities with EV, PV, and Stationary Storage Battery System in Tokyo Metropolitan Area

Abstract

While carbon neutral goal by 2050 is expressed in Japan, the concrete path to build zero-emission cities which contain various sectors is not clear. This study investigated the possibility of building zero-emission cities with charging and discharging control of EV and stationary storage battery as well as PVs as energy source in five cities of Tokyo Metropolitan Area. As a result, we found that the cost was extraordinary if 100% of electricity was supplied by PV only. On the other hand, the cost became affordable if a part of carbon neutral electricity was bought from the grid. In relation to the characteristics of cities, we found that cities with many EV batteries and higher ratio of electric demand in business sector were more capable of zero-emission.