2022 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 546-553
This paper focuses on the national marine plans and the minimum distance to shore of offshore wind farm in the world. The shortest distances to shore were founded in the case of demonstration and offshore industrial area or polder in the first phase of many States. <br />The distances to shore were regulated by the national marine plan and the environmental assessment. Western countries and China regulated the distance to shore from 10km to 22.2km but other Asian countries including Japan looks loose to protect the seascape. The trial to the seascape preservation emerged in the distance of maximum 16.5km. This paper concludes the needs of national marine plan and landscape assessment based on distance to shore in Japan.
