Abstract
In rapidly urbanizing regions, the proliferation of plastic debris in sedimentary environments poses multifaceted challenges, particularly in vulnerable urban slum areas where the deplorable state of waste management has led to considerable littering and dumping. In association with the general absence of adequate drainage systems, and appalling slum conditions, the presence, transportation, and accumulation of sediment plastic debris (SPD) significantly contribute to flood hazards and impacts in these settlements. This study investigated SPD production, transport mechanisms, drivers, and potential effects on floods in the urban slums of Yaounde, Cameroon. Through field survey, statistical analysis of field data, geolocalization and quantification of SPDs, and modeling of the flood event of February 26th, 2018, we present the distribution of “sediment plastic debris” at four locations within the flood plains of the Mfoundi River in Yaounde and outlines diverse ways through which this contributes to increased flood impacts. The findings showed tremendous open disposal of wastes, often occupying areas along major roads, drainage areas, and rivers. Geolocalized distribution of the SPD identified 333 major points located at distances ranging from the river course to 1 kilometer and beyond. Modeling of flood events revealed the potential transport of all floodplains’ SPDs, with considerable SPDs of 686 and 822 cubic meters determined at selected outlets. This research highlights the crucial role of sediment discharge in sediment transport and calls for integrated waste management strategies, urban planning, and community-based interventions to mitigate its impact on flood resilience.
