Abstract
As a result of continued growth, the palm oil industry is now the most important sector in Indonesian agriculture. With crude palm oil production of approximately 19.33 million ton in 2008, Indonesia contributed ∼45% of the world supply of palm oil and is the largest producer of this commodity. Increases in oil production have been supported by steady expansion of oil palm plantation areas and the associated industry since the 1980s. Such rapid development has created several environmental problems associated with waste generation, including solid wastes from both plantations and palm oil mills. Despite their negative impact, such solid wastes are potential biomass resources owing to the organic compounds they contain. Hence, much work has been carried out to identify more effective methods to utilize solid wastes from the palm oil industry.
