Subharmonic Structures of Single-Electron Tunneling

Abstract

We used the Bloch theory to study single-electrontunneling. It was found that calculation can be performed easily inthe crystal momentum representation. We showed analytically that underac-biased voltage or microwave radiation the system produces responsewith subharmonic structures analogous to those of Josephson tunneling. Our method treated the “interband transition” as smallperturbation and thus fits most experimental conditions. Somenumerical results were also given.