Studies of Charging Effects on Resonant Tunneling Diodes in Terms of Extended Friedel Sum Rule

Abstract

The Friedel sum rule is extended to express the electron numberaccumulated within an asymmetric potential wellin terms of the phases of transmission andreflection amplitudes of a double-barrier potential, in the presence of a bias voltage and charging effects.It is applied to study non-equilibrium transport propertiesin asymmetric double-barrier systems.The current-voltage characteristics dependson the sign of the bias voltage, which is caused by the different accumulation of chargesin the quantum well.Our self-consistent calculation shows the hysteresisin the current-voltage characteristicswhich agrees with the experimental observation.