Abstract
This study aimed to develop the Clinical Educator Efficacy Scale (CEES) for physical therapist
education. Methods: In Survey 1, physical therapists with experience as clinical educators (CEs) were targeted,
and questions were created to extract scale items for the CEES. In Survey 2, CEs were surveyed using the 60
questions created in Survey 1, to extract scale items for the CEES. In Survey 3, CEs other than those included
in Survey 2 completed a questionnaire that was based on the scale items extracted in Survey 2, to verify the
reliability of the CEES. Results: Based on the analysis, the CEES, comprising 27 items across 3 factors, was
developed: “Expectations for improving teaching ability,” “Confidence in teaching ability,” and “Reflection on
the impact of teaching.” Conclusion: The CEES, which consists of 3 factors and 27 items, is a comprehensive
psychological scale that captures the key characteristics of CEs.
